📌 Memoization

Memoization is used to solve dynamic programming problems. It's a Top-Down approach, where it solves a sub-problem and stores results in caches as they are computed, then it checks the cache for existing before solving another sub-problem and recursively solve all sub-problems to complete the full solution to the problem.

This technique is quite powerful and can form as build-once use everywhere processes Looking closely at processes and diving it into smaller steps and solving the step while maximizing common steps can result in exponential improvements.